In this module, the fundamentals of fluid mechanics and energy conservation, and introduce associated engineering applications.
Syllabus. Fluid Mechanics:
Introduction to fluid flow phenomena in engineering.
Hydrostatics: Pressure variation with position in a static fluid, manometers, hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces, forces on unconstrained bodies.
Hydrodynamics: classification of flows in terms of variation of flow parameters in time and space, the concepts of streamline and stream tube, the principles of continuity, energy and momentum, turbulent flow.
Applications of principles to engineering problems, including flow measurement by orifice, Venturi, Pitot tube, rotameter & weirs. Forces on pipe bends, nozzles and plates.
Steady flow problems concerning head loss and pressure drop due to friction in pipe flows (Bernouilli), non-circular ducts, friction factors, Moodt diagramand friction losses in fittings.
Physical fluid properties, their dimensions and units, SI System, dimensional analysis.
Energy Conservation Principles:
Conduction: (one-dimensional steady state) Fourier’s Law, conduction with multiple layers, simple geometries, resistance in series.
Convection and Boundary Layers: transfer coefficients for natural and forced convection. Practical problems involving forced convection, resistances in series, overall transfer coefficients.
Basics of radiation: (Stefan-Boltzmann equation), emissivity, absorptivity, transmissivity and reflectivity, net exchange of radiation between surfaces.
The scope of thermodynamics. The basic quantities and their SI units. The fundamental concepts: force, pressure, temperature, intensive and extensive properties, the system and its surroundings, closed and open systems, state and processes, phases and components, phase changes and equilibrium, and the different forms of energy.
First Law. The energy balance equation and its applications to closed and open systems. The continuity equation. Work and heat in processes. Reversible and irreversible processes. Heat engines. Carnot cycle and some other theoretical cycles including refrigeration.
Second Law: Entropy and irreversible processes, spontaneous processes.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
Knowledge and understanding Fluid Mechanics principles and methodology necessary to underpin their education in related engineering disciplines, to enable appreciation of its scientific and engineering context and to support their understanding of future developments and technologies.
Knowledge and understanding of Energy Transfer principles necessary to underpin their education in related engineering disciplines and to enable them to apply mathematical methods, tools and notations proficiently in the analysis and solution of engineering problems.
Assessments: (20%) Assessment of laboratory work (6 lab reports) (30%) Timed online Canvas quiz at end of semester 2 (50%) 2-hour closed book centrally timetabled exam in May/June assessment period (replaced by online assessment if closed book exam not possible).
Supplementary/Reassessment: Reassessment to match the main assessment method with due consideration made to any restrictions imposed at the time of reassessment. Students can carry forward passed assessment components from main assessment. If pass mark was achieved in the lab sessions, this will be rolled over to the final assessment.