This module provides biological knowledge needed to understand the biology of healthy and disease cells and tissues and foundations to support learning involved in many subsequent modules, both non-clinical and clinical. The cell biology part addresses differences between stem cells and differentiated cells and their regulation on DNA, RNA and protein level. The basic cellular processes (cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell signalling and communication) as well as metabolism are explained leading to basics of pharmacology and principles of how drugs work. A short introduction to genetics provides basis for understanding of certain diseases and clinical manifestations. The second part of the module describes tissue classification, function and architecture. All major types of tissues are introduced but the focus is given to neuromuscular system.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
Demonstrate an understanding of embryonic development and morphogenesis, explain the features of stem cells and differentiated cells.
Demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of DNA, RNA and proteins, and the fundamental principles of DNA replication, transcription and translation and how these processes are regulated.
Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamental principles of cell biology including cell proliferation, cell signalling, cell communication and cell metabolism.
Demonstrate an understanding of the role of cell membranes and receptors, especially in how the cells respond to drug treatments.
Demonstrate an understanding of how to measure drug actions, potency and pharmacokinetics.
Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamental principles of genetics including patterns of inheritance, the nature of mutations and how mutations contribute to human variability and disease.
Demonstrate an understanding of tissue classification and basic histological methods.
Demonstrate an understanding of how cell membranes are involved in creating action potential in excitable tissues.
Explain the properties of nerve cells and synapses and overview of the nervous system.
Explain the properties of muscle cells and force development.
Demonstrate an understanding of cell-cell interactions and extracellular matrix in the context of epithelial and connective tissues.
Explain the structure and basic biochemical properties of bone, teeth and cartilage.
ICA – 50% Written assignment demonstrating practical application of knowledge, submitted through Canvas.
Final examination – 50% (1 Hour)
Students must achieve a minimum of 40% in each of the summative assessments (Examination and In-course assessments), otherwise they will be required to repeat that assessment.