An introduction to the physical principles that underpin modern medical imaging modalities:
• Conventional X-ray radiography, including image intensifiers, digital radiography, computerised tomography.
• Radioisotope imaging using a gamma-camera, emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography.
• Ultrasonic imaging, including Doppler techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging.

By the end of the module the student should be able to:

• Understand general imaging concepts including contrast, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio. 
• Relate these concepts to the parameters of an X-ray radiograph, and understand the implications for patient dose. 
• Describe detector systems used in X-ray radiography. 
• Understand the principles of X-ray computed tomography, and the differences between generations of CT scanner. 
• Understand the principles of nuclear medicine imaging, including factors influencing the choice of radionuclide, and methods of radionuclide production. 
• Understand the gamma camera and the properties of parallel hole collimators. 
• Understand the physics of SPECT and PET. 
• Describe the physics of ultrasound and how B-mode ultrasound images are measured;
• Discuss the use of Doppler ultrasound.
• Understand the phenomenon of NMR, and how MRI images are measured using phase encoding to obtain positional information and the use of pulse sequences to achieve contrast