This module is composed of two components. The first component covers aspects of non-ideal thermodynamics by initially reviewing the concept of Gibbs free energy. This is followed by an introduction to equilibria, the definition of chemical potential and its application in phase equilibria and chemical equilibria. This topic is followed with an introduction to intermolecular interactions: evidence, origins and consequences.  This leads naturally to a discussion of the effects of non-ideality on mixing and the unusual properties of water.  The second component of the module extends some of the ideas in the first part of the module, covering electrolyte solutions and electrochemical reactions. In more detail, the ideas behind non-ideality are extended to interactions between ions and solvent and their effects on the properties if electrolyte solutions will be discussed. This will be followed by a discussion of electrochemical reactions at equilibrium and electrochemical cells – a direct application of the concepts of chemical potential.  A brief introduction to the practical applications of electrochemistry is provided. The laboratory component further develops the theoretical aspects of the module.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the concept and significance of chemical potential.
• Perform calculations using thermodynamic data. Interpret simple phase diagrams.
• Explain the evidence for and origins of different types of intermolecular forces. Calculate energies of interaction between chemical species. Explain the consequences of intermolecular forces, including non-ideal mixing, the hydrophobic effect and the unusual behaviour of water.
• Explain the properties of electrolyte solutions and how these properties arise. Apply their knowledge to explain trends in data.
• Explain the origins of electrical potential differences in chemical reactions. Perform calculations relating to electrochemical cells (potential differences, activities etc.). Demonstrate an awareness of the practical applications of electrochemistry.
• Demonstrate the ability to perform experiments in Physical Chemistry, collect and interpret data and present the results obtained in a coherent manner