This module describes the methodology for testing chemicals for toxic potential using both in vitro and in vivo test systems as well as high-throughput test systems such as cDNA microarrays, proteomics, metabolomics and transgenic animal technologies. Alternative approaches such as in silico testing are also discussed as is the limit of current in vitro approaches and the need for in vivo studies. Students will learn how to detect acute and chronic toxicity in animal studies with emphasis being placed on the pathological responses to toxic substances in different key organ systems (e.g. liver/kidney/heart/lung). Students will learn how to recognise acute and chronic inflammation, necrosis, neoplasia, hypertrophy and other cellular changes as demonstrated by histology. Students will also consider the choice of experimental species to demonstrate toxicity and reproductive toxicity where the effects of toxic substances on fertility and embryogenesis are discussed.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
Appreciate the types of in vitro toxicity testing systems available and to be able to discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
Understand the role for “omics” approaches in toxicological testing
Differentiate between acute and chronic toxicity
Understand the toxic effects of chemical on different organ systems and how to detect them
Understand the factors determining the choice of species of animal used in toxicity testing
Apply the above outcomes to the evaluate potential toxicity of compounds in development
